Valve and valve-gear for internal-combustion engines.



G.H.MANN. l VALVE AND VALVE GEAR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25, 1910.

Patented sept. 20, V1910.

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lll/lll G. H. MANN.

VALVE AND VALVE GEAR FOB. INTERNAL OOMBUSTION ENGINES.

' APPLIOATION FILED JUNI: z5, 1910.

f" 970,525' Patented Sept. 20, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

JMX/zg d UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE HUTCHINSON MANN, 0F LEEDS, ENGLAND.

VALVE AND VALVE-GEAR FOR INTERNALCOMBUSTION ENGINES.

To all whom it 'may concern:

Be it known tnat I, GEORGE HU'rcHiNsoN MANN, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at Leeds, in the county of York, Englanchhaye invented certain new and useful lImprovements in Valves and Valve-Gear for Internal-Combustion Lngines7 and of which the following is a speciiication. f

This invention relates to internal-combustion engines of the Otto or four-stroke cycle type, wherein the engine crank makes two revolutions to one explosion or power stroke. In this type of engine, it is usual to employ separate inlet and exhaust drop valves which are closed b means of springs and have their opening e ected by means of cams mounted on a second motion shaft driven from the engine shaft in the ratio of two to one; or in the case of an engine fitted with only a single piston or slide valve, it

. has before been proposed to actuate the said valve mechanically through the medium of a positive cam situated on t-he half-speed shaft or by a combined cam and spring arrangement in connection with the halfspeed shaft or engine shaft.

Now the object of this present invention is to provide engines of the four-stroke cycle y type Awith a mechanism capable of reciprocating a single piston or slide Avalve of any form of construction, in such a manner as to insure a positive quick openingl and closing movement of both the inlet and exhaust at the proper periods in a more simple .and efficient manner than heretofore.

AccordinV to my invention, the valve is reciprocatedj by amechanism consisting essentially of two eccentrie's or equivalent cranks fixed on independent shafts, one of which is the engine shaft or a shaft revolving at the same speed while the other is `revolved lat half the engine speed; and working on or connected tothe eccentric situated von the half-speed shaft is a rocking lever which is vibrated by the said eccentric and the combined movement of the other eccentric through the medium of a Conner-,ting rod or link. This rocking lever is coupled up by means of another link to the valve rod of the engine; and the positions of the two eccentrics in relation to each other are so arranged that from about the middle of the exhaust stroke to about the middle of the suction stroke they both tend to move the Speccation of Letters Patent.

Application led .Tune 25, 191 0.

Patented ISept. 20, 1910.

sei-iai No. 568,803, y .a

valve in the same direction, while from about the middle of the compression stroke to about the middle of the ignition stroke they tend to neutralize each other and so hold the valve stationary or almost stationary. v

Instead of reciprocating the valve by the combined movement of two eccentrics as just described, the desired action of the rocking lever may be obtained through the medium of an eccentric on the half-speed shaft combined with the vibratory movement of the engine connecting rod.

In order to produce the desired reciprocation of the valve by a compound movement obtained from the half-speed shaft and the engine shaft, I provide the halfspeed shaft with an eccentric fitted with a bell-crank lever strap or rocking lever whose short arm is connected by means of a pivoted link to the vertically sliding rod which carries the said valve, and on the engine shaft I mount an eccentric `fitted with a strap and rod which is coupled np to the longer arm of the bell-crank lever strap or rocking lever of the eccentric on the halispeed shaft; the position of the two eceentries on their respective shafts being such that during the first or suction stroke, in which the outgoing piston sucks in the explosive mixture, the inlet is quickly opened by the combined action of the two eecentrics which both tend lo move theI valve downward at the same time, which inlet remains open during the said suction stroke, while during the compression stroke the inlet is quickly closed and caused to remain closed together with the exhaust until nearly the end of the explosion stroke, the said inlet and-exhaust being held closed during these periods by reason of the fact that the two eccentrics are tending to move the valve rod in opposite directions until near the completion of the explosion stroke, when the exhaust is opened and remains open throughout the greater portion of the exhaust stroke; after which the same cycle of movements is continued. A 'positive quick openine' and closing movement of the inlet andv ex iaust is thus obtained at the proper periods, while during another period` that is from the time the inlet is closed to the time the exhaust isopened, the valve remains almost stationary; the quick movements obtained by the action of the two eccentrica tending to move the valve rod in the same direction, While the stationary period is obtained by these two eccentrics tending to move the valve in opposite directions.

vWith a View to producing the desired movements of 'the valve byv a combined movement obtained from the half-speed shaft and the vibratory movement of the engine connecting rod, I employ an eccentric on the half-speed shaft tted with a bell- 110 crank lever strap or rocking lever having its short arm connected by means of a p1v, oted link to the valve rod, the longer arm of the said strap or lever in this case being cou ledup by means of pivoted links direct to t e engine connecting rod; whereby the vibratory movement of the latter in combination with the eccentric movement obtained from the halt-speed shaft is caused to impart to the valve rod similar vmovements to those hereinbefore described so as understood I will proceed to to operate the valve to open and close the inlet and exhaust at the proper periods in the engine cycle.

In order that my invention ma be clearly escribe the same with reference to the vexamples of construction shown in the accompanying drawings, in which similar reference nu merals-indicate like parts in all the iigures;

wherein Figurel is a sectional elevation of an internal-combustion engine of the fourstroke cycle type, fitted with a valve and valve gear according to one form of construction of the present invention; the parts being shown in the positions they occupy when in the -middle of the exhaust stroke. Figs. 2 and-are detachedviews,showing the4 same valve and its gear inthe positions 4o they occupy when half way through the suction stroke and at the commencement of the explosion stroke, respectively. Fig. 4 is a sectional' elevation, drawn to a reduced scale, illustrating another form of construction of the valve gear constructed in accordance with the present invention.

Referring to the example of construction shown at Figs. l, 2 and 3 of the drawings, 1

is the cylinder of the engine wherein works 5,0 the piston 2 whose motion is transmitted to' the crank 3 and engine shaft 4 through the medium of the connecting rod 5. 6 is the half-speed. shaft, which is driven byv suitable gearing (notA shown) from the en ine l shaft 4 in the ratio of two to one; al of halfls'pe'ed shaft (i, the longer arm of the said strap or rocking lever 14 being coupled up to the engine shaft 4 by means of a rod' 1G and a strap 17 mounted on an eccentric 18 carried on the said shaft 4, the position of the two eccentrics 15 and 18 on their respec- (see Fig. 2), while during the -'compression stroke the inlet 8 is quickly closed and caused to remain closed together with the exhaust 9 (see Fig. 3) until nearly the end of the explosion stroke, the said inlet 8 and exhaust 9 being held closed durin these periods by reason of the fact that t e two eccentrics 15 and 18 are tending to move the valve rod 11 in opposite directions until near the completion of the explosion stroke, when the exhaust 9 is opened and remains open throughout the greater portion of the exhaust stroke (see Fig. 1) after which the same cycle of movements is continued. In this way, a positive quick opening and closing movement of the inlet 8 and exhaust 9 is obtained at the proper periods, while during another period, that is from the time the inlet 8 is closed to the time the exhaust 9 is opened, the valve 10 remains almost stationary; the quick movements of opening and closing the said inlet andA exhaust being obtained by the action of the two eccentrics 15 and 18 tending to move the valve rod 11 in the same direction, while the stationary period is obtained by these two eccentrics tending to move the said valve in opposite directions. A

Referring to the exam le of construction shown at Fig. 4, instea of obtaining the necessary movements ofthe valve rod 11 vthrough the combined action of two eccen" tries as before described, I provide the halfspeed shaft 6 with an eccentric 15 litted with a bell-crank lever strap or rocking lever 14 having its short arm connected by means of a pivoted link 13 to the rod 11,1but instead of coupling the longer arm of the bell-crank lever strap or rocking lever 14 to the engine shaft 4 l connect 'the said longer arm by means of pivoted links 19 to the engine connecting rod 5, whereby the vibratory movement of the said connectingy rod in combination with the eccentric movement obtained from the haltspeed shaft 6 is caused to impart to the valve rod 11 similar movements to those hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. 1, 2 and?, so as to operate the tice shafts 6 and 4 being such that during f iis slide valve to open 'and close the inlet and exhaust at the cycle.

proper, periods inl the engine i lever, a valve casing located at the side of` the main cylinder, and having exhaust and inlet passages commumcating with a valve chamber 1n sald casing, a ,valve capable of reciprocating in said valve chambei` to control the admission of motive fluid to and the exit of products of' combustion from the engine cylinder, a connection directly between one of said arms on the eccentric strap and said valve, and mechanism connected to the other arm of said eccentric g strap to regulate the movements of the latter and communicate the desired movements to said valve substantially as set forth.

`2.- valve gear for internal-combustion engines of the four-stroke cycle type comprising in combination a main engine shaft,

a counter shaft, driving mechanism for rof tating said counter shaft at half the speed `of the engine shaft, an eccentric fixed to said counter shaft, an eccentric strap around said eccentric, two arms projecting from said ystrap 'of sald eccentric at different y oints on its'periphery to form a bell-crank ever,a valve casing located at the side of the main cylinder and having exhaust and inlet passages communicating with a valve chamber in said casing, a piston valve capable ,of reciprocating in said valve chamber to control the admission of motive fluid to and the exit of products of combustion from the engine cylinder, a rod connected to said Jiston, a link to connect said rod to one of the arms on said eccentric strap, and mechanisml connected to the other arm of said eccentric strap in order to regulate the movements of the latter and communicate the desired movements to the said valve substantially as set forth. l

3. A valve gear for internal-combustion engines of the four-stroke cycle type comprising in combination a main engine shaft, a counter shaft, driving mechanism for rotating said counter shaft at half the `speed of the engine shaft, an eccentric fixed to said counter shaft, an eccentric strap around said eccentric, two arms projecting from said strap of said eccentric at different points on its periphery to form a bell-crank lever, a valve casing located at the side of the main cylinder and having exhaust and v inlet passages communicating with a valve chamber in said casing, a piston valve capable of reciprocating in the said valve chamber to'control the admission of motive fluid to and the exit of products of combustionf'rom the engine cylinder, a rod connected to said piston, a link to connect said rod to one of the arms on said eccentric strap, and an eccentric mounted on the main engine shaft, a connection between said eccentric and the other arm on said eccentric strap carried by the counter shaft, whereby by thecombined movements of the eccentrics, the eccentric strap is so adjusted as to communicate the desired movements to the said valve substantially as setforth.

In witness whereof I` have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE' HUTcHINsoN MANN. Witnesses JOHN 'Jows'r'n VANc-r. EwAn'r GALLOWAY. 

